Finally, mindful of the splitting of subjectivity implied by the discovery of the unconscious, and taking advantage of the breakthrough accomplished by Lacan in French psychoanalysis, sem analysis attempted to draw out its consequences with respect to the different practices of discourse (in literature and particularly in the novel and in the contemporary novel). Such an insertion of subjectivity into matters of language and meaning unfailingly led one to confront a semiology stemming from Saussure or Peirce with Hegelian logic and with Husserl's as in a more specifically linguistic fashion, it resumed Benveniste's masterly undertaking and necessarily led to a linguistics of enunciation. The first, located within that selfsame theoretieal thought, involved a questioning of meaning and Hs structures, giving heed to the underlying speaking subject. Radieal instrumentalities to me as germane to such in semiology. Semanalysis, as I tried to define it and put it to work in -:Z1J/J-ElWTlX~, meets that requirement to describe the signifying phenomenon, or signifying phenomena, while analyzing, criticizing, and dissolving "phenomenon," "meaning," and "signifier." Thus, next to structuralism, a critique of Hegelian, Heideggerian, Marxian, or Freudian derivation jolted its occasionally simplistic elegance and carried theoretical thought to an intensity of white heat that set categories and concepts ablaze-sparing not even discourse itself. If it be true that the light thrown on the enigma constituted by meaning as weIl as by society came from the relationships discovered between them and the structures of language (to the extent that it is an object of linguistics), one did nevertheless, from then on and in parallel fashion, question the metaphysical premises on which rest not only the sciences of language but their exportation to other domains. Following upon the phenomenological and existentialist shock of the postwar period, the sixties witnessed a theoretical ebullience that could roughly be summarized as leading to the discovery of the determinative role of language in aB human sciences. The memory I alluded to is of course a personal one, but it is also historical. Furthermore, as they embody a form of research that recasts several disciplines traditionally kept apart and therefore proceeds with effort, tension, and a kind of passion familiar to pioneers-presenting them in another language, within a different culture, surely leads one to measure, more than one ordinarily would, the difference in mental and intellectual habits that persist in spite of recently increased cultural exchanges between the United States and Europe. The essays that have been collected here for English-Ianguage readers were written over a span of some ten years to the extent that their aim does not presuppose the writer's neutrality but, on the contrary, her involvement, presenting them today amounts to a test of memory for me. Motherhood According to Giovanni Bellini 10.
PN98.S46K7413 808'.001'41 80-10689 ISBN 6-8 ISBN 7-6 (pbk) Columbia University Press New York Copyright © 1980 Colurn bia U niversity Press Polylogue Copyright © 1977 I:ditions du Seuil LTJf1tiwTix~: Recherehes pour une semanalyse copyright © 1969 Editions du Seuil All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6
Includes bibliographical references and index. (European perspectives) Eight of the 10 essays included were originally published (in French) in the author's Polylogue and two in the author's I,TJf.UiWTixi]: Recherches pour une semanalyse. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Kristeva, Julia, 1941Desire in language. European Perspectives: ASeries of the Columbia University Press
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